At the end of the second quarter of 2012, the government debt to GDP ratio in the euro area (EA17) stood at 90.0%, compared with 88.2% at the end of the first quarter of 2012. In the EU27 the ratio increased from 83.5% to 84.9%. Compared with the second quarter of 2011, the government debt to GDP ratio rose in both the euro area (from 87.1% to 90.0%) and the EU27 (from 81.4% to 84.9%).

At the end of the second quarter of 2012, securities other than shares accounted for 78.6% of euro area and for 80.1% of EU27 general government debt. Loans made up 18.6% of euro area and 16.1% of EU27 government debt. Currency and deposits represented 2.8% of euro area and 3.7% of EU27 government debt.

Due to the involvement of EU governments in financial assistance to certain Member States, and in order to obtain a more complete picture of the evolution of government debt, quarterly data on intergovernmental lending (IGL) is also published. The share of IGL in GDP at the end of the second quarter of 2012 amounts to 1.6% for the euro area and to 1.2% for EU27.

Government debt at the end of the second quarter 2012 by Member State

The highest ratios of government debt to GDP at the end of the second quarter of 2012 were recorded in Greece (150.3%), Italy (126.1%), Portugal (117.5%) and Ireland (111.5%), and the lowest in Estonia (7.3%), Bulgaria (16.5%) and Luxembourg (20.9%).

Compared with the first quarter of 2012, twenty Member States registered an increase in their debt to GDP ratio at the end of the second quarter of 2012, six a decrease and one remained stable. The highest increases in the ratio were recorded in Greece (+13.4 percentage points - pp), Cyprus (+8.3 pp) and Portugal (+5.6 pp), and the largest decreases in Lithuania (-2.3 pp), Latvia and Hungary (both -1.3 pp).

Compared with the second quarter of 2011, twenty-three Member States registered an increase in their debt to GDP ratio at the end of the second quarter of 2012, and four a decrease. The highest increases in the ratio were recorded in Cyprus (+16.5 pp), Portugal (+10.8 pp), Ireland (+10.0 pp) and Spain (+9.3 pp), and the largest decreases in Greece (-8.5 pp) and Latvia (-1.5 pp).